Lanthanum-Doped Barium Stannate - a New Type of Critical Raw Materials-Free Transparent Conducting Oxide

A pulsed laser deposition-based process for growth of highly-doped epitaxial La:BaSnO3(001) layers on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 is developed. The growth window of single-phase epitaxial Ba0.93La0.07SnO3 films is determined and the influence of growth parameters on crystalline quality is studied. Reciprocal space maps showed fully relaxed Ba0.93La0.07SnO3 epitaxial layers on SrTiO3 (001). The crystalline quality of material obtained was evidenced through HR-XRD measurements with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 290 arcsec for the Rocking curve of the symmetric (002) peak and 108 arcsec for the asymmetric (103) peak. The band gap of the layers, determined from Reflection measurements employing the Kubelka-Munk method, was estimated as 2.97 - 3.01 eV, i.e. very suitable for the applications envisaged. The layers demonstrated electrical conductivity value of 1024 (?·cm)-1at a free carrier concentration of 2.18×1021 cm-3 and a high transparency (up to 90%) in the visible and NIR range of spectrum. The Ba0.93La0.07SnO3 layers grown could be regarded as a cost-effective and thermally and chemically stable alternative to highly doped ZnO-based transparent conductive oxides and to In2O3:Sn in applications ranging from solar energy utilization to optoelectronics as well as for the emerging field of transparent and radiation hard electronics

Elastic Modulus Measurement of Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application

Structure-properties relationships of biocompatible titanium alloys Ti–10Zr–1,2Nb–1,5Al, Ti–6Al–4V ELI, Ti–15Mo, Ti–36,1Nb–3,8Zr–2,4Ta–1,9Sn in the hot deformed state were studied using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and microindentation. It is shown that the value of the elastic modulus differs by 3–7 % depending on the measurement method. The resulting interval is within the margin of error.Методами растровой электронной микроскопии, испытаний на растяжение, динамического механического анализа (ДМА) и микроиндентирования изучена взаимосвязь между структурой и физико-механическими свойствами биосовместимых титановых сплавов Ti–10Zr–1,2Nb–1,5Al, Ti–6Al–4V ELI, Ti–15Mo, Ti–36,1Nb–3,8Zr–2,4Ta–1,9Sn в горячедеформированном состоянии. На примере исследованных сплавов показана сопоставимость в пределах погрешности 3–7 % значений модуля упругости, полученных с использованием трех различных методов (испытание на растяжение, ДМА, микроиндентирование)

Structural features and formation of lower Cretaceous AV[1] layer in the Soviet oil field (Tomsk Oblast)

The analysis of the collected geological and geophysical information on AV[1] layer known as Ryabchik formation is carried out. The facial conditions of this formation which define structural features of "Ryabchik" sandstones formations are considered. Maps characterizing permeability and porosity of reservoir are plotted. Areal tracking technique of sand streaks is given

A 19-year-old Patient with Recurrent Pruritus and Jaundice

Аim: to highlight the importance of broad differential diagnosis and possibility of conversion of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 into more aggressive clinical phenotype.Key points. A 19-year-old female patient was admitted to the Clinic with skin pruritus, jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stool, and general fatigue. Past medical history was significant for recurrent aforementioned symptoms since 3 years old, that relapsed every 1–2 years and were usually ameliorated with conservative therapy. During recent years, frequency of relapses and recovery period increased, at the same time effectiveness of medical therapy decreased. Blood chemistry results revealed an elevation of total bilirubin (up to 634 μmol/L), direct bilirubin (up to 354 μmol/L), bile acids (up to 510 μmol/L) and normal gamma glutamyl transferase level. Workup was negative for viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases, obstructive choledochal lesions, storage diseases, although mutation in gene ABCB11 was found. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 was diagnosed. Following conservative therapy and plasmapheresis, jaundice and skin pruritus significantly diminished, levels of bilirubin and bile acids normalized. Regular follow up, liver biopsy and measures for relapse prevention given clinical features of aggressive phenotype were recommended.Conclusion. Identification of etiology of cholestatic liver diseases requires broad differential diagnosis. Clinical course of patients with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis may transform into aggressive phenotype, reminiscent of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis

THE DISTINQUISHING FEATURES OF THE FAULTS IN THE PLATFORM COVER: RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF TECTONOPHYSICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE TAMBEY HYDROCARBON DEPOSIT (YAMAL PENINSULAR)

The study was aimed to identify the features of the formation and regularities of manifestation of faults in the platform environment applying the tectonophysical approach to the study of the structure of the Tambey hydrocarbon deposit (northern Yamal), largest in the West Siberia. Such research is important in the oil and gas industry at the present stage of transition from the exploitation of declining unique and large deposits to exploration and exploitation of deposits of complex structure. The tectonophysical approach was applied consistently in three levels of research. Initial consideration was given to regular trends in the structure of the platform cover in the context of general tectonophysical ideas of disjunctive faults, their inner structure and formation features. Then, the identification of a network of large fault zones has been done at the regional level for the northern Yamal on the basis of the lineament analysis of the relief and optical modeling, three main stages of its formation have been reconstructed, and there have been identified the features of the state of stress, among other factors determining the Tambey deposit contours in three areas – western and northern Tambey and Tassyi. Finally, based on tectonophysical interpretation of 3D seismic attribute analysis data and elastoplastic modeling experiment results, for the northern Tambey area at the local level there were identified the faults zones, the features of their structures in rheologically stratified unit, and the paragenetic relationship with the regional-level structures. The study has shown that the structure of the sedimentary cover, whose formation is tectonically influenced by the adjacent mobile belts, is zone-block. It reflects the zone-block structure of the basement, though, in contrast, is not represented by narrow main-fault planes (1st-order faults). The blocks in the cover contact along rather wide zones, the inner structure of which corresponds to the early stages of faulting and is represented by a dense network of the 2nd-order fractures and faults. The fault zones are characterized by an inhomogeneous – segment – structure which is determined by an initially irregular development of deformations and complicated by rheological stratification of the sedimentary cover. Fault segments in relatively brittle rocks (sandstones) are composed of long faults whereas in more ductile (clayey) varieties these are wide parts of concentration of small faults and fractures. A style of the zone-block structure and the types of dynamic environments of its formation might be specific in different regions. The application of tectonophysical approach to the analysis of the geological-geophysical information, obtained for certain deposits, will make it possible to identify the structural conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and migration in the sedimentary cover which is essential to choose an effective method of deposit exploitation

Tobacco smoking in rural school children in the Sverdlovsk region: features and trends

The use of tobacco products in the adolescent environment is a serious medical and social problem, due to the widespread use of tobacco among minors and their early introduction to Smoking. This habit adversely affects both physical and mental health, and leads to the formation of dependence on tobacco. In addition, such adolescents have a high risk of developing chronic diseases that lead to adverse medical and social consequences. Monitoring tobacco use is a tool for objective assessment of Smoking, and also serves as an indicator of the quality of preventive work in the adolescent environment.Употребление табачных изделий в подростковой среде является серьезной медико-социальной проблемой, что обусловлено широкой распространенностью потребления табака среди несовершеннолетних и ранним приобщением их к курению. Эта привычка пагубно влияет как на физическое и психическое здоровье подрост ков, так и приводит к формированию у них зависимости от табака. Кроме того, у таких подростков высок риск развития ряда хронических заболеваний, приводящих к неблагоприятным медико-социальным последствиям. Мониторинг потребления табака является средством для объективной оценки курения, а также служит показа телем качества профилактической работы в подростковой сред

Prospects for the oil and gas potential of the zone of abnormally high reservoir pressures in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug assuming deep fluid dynamics

In Western Siberia, the zone of abnormally high reservoir pressures (AHRP) covers an area of more than 500 thousand km2 in the north of the basin. It begins with a clay layer above the Achimov formation of Neocomian sandy-silty formation, covers the Achimov formation, Upper–Lower Jurassic, Triassic and partially Paleozoic and is subject to tectonic control, which indicates the deep origin of this phenomenon. Gas-pressure, or gas-dynamic, theory of AHRP, proposed by K.A. Anikiev in the 70s of the 20th century, allows us to assess the prospects for oil and gas content of the AHRP zone higher than it is commonly-accepted. Analysis of the results of previously completed geological exploration work on the deep horizons of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug indicates that their relatively low efficiency (50–60%) is associated with the insufficiently high quality of well operations, primarily cementing, which is also due to the influence of AHRP. In all wells drilled to deep horizons, direct signs of oil and gas potential were obtained and cementing defects were identified. It is concluded that deep fluid-dynamic processes (active, pressure degassing of the Earth’s interior) are responsible both for the saturation of reservoir rocks with hydrocarbons and for the dynamics of their filling (ultra-high pressures and velocities), which determine the main characteristics of reservoir rocks. Recognition of a deep source of hydrocarbons will not only make it possible to fundamentally increase the resource base of the AHRP zone, but will also require a revision of ideas about the formation and structure of hydrocarbon deposits in this zone and the petrophysical substantiation of their models. However, to realize the unique hydrocarbon potential of the AHRP zone, it is necessary, first of all, to improve the quality of deep wells construction and appropriate information content

Control of the structure and mechanical properties of the channel of the control and protection system of a high-power nuclear reactor after the expiration of the service life

Объектом исследования являются образцы из сплава Э125 (Zr – 2,5 масс. % Nb), вырезанных из канала системы управления и защиты (СУЗ), после эксплуатации в реакторе энергоблока Смоленской АЭС в течение 36 лет. Методами металлографического анализа, испытаний на трещиностойкость и растяжением кольцевых образцов, сканирующей электронной микроскопии с дифракцией отражённых электронов и определения содержания водорода, были проведены исследования образцов после эксплуатации в энергетическом реакторе. Определены кратковременные механические свойства и характеристики трещиностойкости образцов при комнатной и температуре 100 °С. Изучена микроструктура, фазовый состав и состояние поверхности образцов канала СУЗ. Определено содержание водорода в образцах из зоны термического влияния электроннолучевого сварного соединения.The object of the study is samples of alloy E125 (Zr – 2,5 mass. % Nb), cut from the channel of the control and protection system, after operation in the reactor of the power unit of the Smolensk NPP for 36 years. Methods of metallographic analysis, tests for fracture toughness and tensile tests of ring samples, scanning electron microscopy with reflected electron diffraction and determination of hydrogen content were used to study the samples after operation in a power reactor. The short-term mechanical properties and characteristics of the crack resistance of the samples at room temperature and 100 ° C were determined. The microstructure, phase composition and state of the surface of the CPS channel samples have been studied. The hydrogen content in the samples from the heat-affected zone of the electron-beam welded joint was determined

Influence of Cold Rolling Temperature Rise on the Young‘s Modulus of Commercial Fe-3%Si Steel

Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed on the sheets of commercial grainoriented steel Fe-3%Si in annealed and cold-rolled conditions. The Young‘s modulus was measured according to the 3-point bending scheme in the temperature range of 20…550 ∘C. The difference between the values of the elastic properties in the rolling direction and transverse directions were explained with the peculiarities of the structural and textural states. Two extreme points in the Young‘s modulus temperature dependence are explained with the oxidation process, which occurs during heating of the samples. The obtained data can be employed to refine the simulation of the stress-strain state in cold rolling of commercial Fe-3%Si by the finite element method.     Keywords: Grain-oriented steel, cold rolling, storage modulus, dynamic mechanical analysis, anisotropy, crystallographic textur